繁體字版“處暑” 內容 內容材料選自網(wǎng)絡資料

　　每年8月22日至24日間太陽到達黃經(jīng)150度時是當年的處暑節(jié)氣，所謂的處暑即為「出暑」，是出離高溫天氣的意思，是真正意義的秋天，處暑後中國的北方氣候大幅降低.處暑節(jié)氣不同於小暑、大暑、小寒、大寒這樣冷熱明顯的節(jié)氣，它是氣溫由炎熱向寒冷過渡的節(jié)氣.

　　過了處暑節(jié)氣天氣逐漸變涼，對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)也有重要作用，中國的民間有所謂的「一場秋雨一場涼」，「立秋三場雨，麻布扇子高擱起，」「立秋處暑天氣涼」、「處暑熱不來」等說法，就是對「處暑」時節(jié)氣候變化經(jīng)驗總結.氣候的主要特征是白天中午下午熱，早晚涼，降雨減少，空氣顯得幹燥.這樣的氣候下，人們沒有必要加太多衣服，忌捂，但也不可以穿的太少，避免感冒。調整飲食十分必要.

　　對比立秋，處暑節(jié)氣的平均氣溫要低一些，有些年份的八月下旬華南西部的某些地區(qū)平均氣溫在23攝氏度以下，對雜交水稻抽穗開花不利，損害農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn).只是由於華南地區(qū)處暑時仍由夏季風控製，所以華南西部地區(qū)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)30℃、在華南東部甚至有高於35℃的天氣出現(xiàn).特別是長江兩岸平原低海拔地區(qū)，某些年份的人們也會感受到「秋老虎」的威力.西北高原的「處暑」節(jié)氣，秋高氣爽，秋意濃濃，如海拔超過3500米以上常常呈現(xiàn)初冬景象，遼闊廣袤的土地上牧草漸萎，氣候也顯示的是日益寒冷.可是我國華南中部這一時期的雨量，常是一年裏的次高點，比大暑或白露時要多些.為了保證冬春農(nóng)田墑情用水的需要，所以必須認真抓好這段時間的蓄水工作.高原地區(qū)處暑至秋分會出現(xiàn)連續(xù)陰雨水天氣，對農(nóng)牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)不利.我國南方大部分地區(qū)這時也正是收獲中稻的大忙時節(jié).一般年辰處暑節(jié)氣內，華南日照仍然比較充足，除了華南西部以外，雨日不多，有利於中稻割曬和棉花吐絮.可是少數(shù)年份也有如杜詩所「三伏適已過，驕陽化為霖」的景況，秋綿雨會提前到來.所以要特別註意天氣預報，做好充分準備，抓住每個晴好天氣，不失時機地搞好搶收搶曬.

　　處暑習俗

　　祭祖、迎秋處暑節(jié)氣前後的民俗多與祭祖及迎秋有關.處暑前後民間會有慶贊中元的民俗活動，俗稱「作七月半」或「中元節(jié)」.舊時民間從七月初一起，就有開鬼門的儀式，直到月底關鬼門止，都會舉行普渡布施活動.據(jù)說普度活動由開鬼門開始，然後豎燈篙，放河燈招致孤魂.而主體則在搭建普度壇，架設孤棚，穿插搶孤等行事，最後以關鬼門結束.時至今日，已成為祭祖的重大活動時段.

　　此外，處暑之後，秋意漸濃，正是人們暢遊郊野迎秋賞景的好時節(jié).處暑過，暑氣止，就連天上的那些雲(yún)彩也顯得疏散而自如，而不像夏天大暑之時濃雲(yún)成塊。民間向來就有「七月八月看巧雲(yún)」之說，其間就有「出遊迎秋」之意.

　　放河燈河燈也叫「荷花燈」，一般是在底座上放燈盞或蠟燭，中元夜放在江河湖海之中，任其漂泛.放河燈是為了普渡水中的落水鬼和其他孤魂野鬼.肖紅《呼蘭河傳》中的一段文字，是這種習俗的最好註腳：「七月十五是個鬼節(jié)；死了的冤魂怨鬼，不得托生，纏綿在地獄裏非?？啵胪猩?，又找不著路.這一天若是有個死鬼托著一盞河燈，就得托生.」

　　開漁節(jié)對於沿海漁民來說，處暑以後就趕上了漁業(yè)收獲的時節(jié)，每年這一期間，在ZJ省沿海都要舉行一年一度的隆重的開漁節(jié)，決定在東海休漁結束的那一天，舉行盛大的開漁儀式，歡送漁民開船出海.東海漁民自古以來就有開捕祭海的民俗.當?shù)卣陀凶R之士將漁民的自發(fā)儀式上升為一個海洋文化的盛大典禮，集文化、旅遊、經(jīng)貿活動於一體，賦予其豐富的文化內涵和鮮明的漁鄉(xiāng)特色.傳統(tǒng)的祭海儀式表達了漁民出海平安的祝願:“藍色保護誌願者“行動體現(xiàn)了人們保護海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境的意識，而鑼鼓齊鳴、千帆競發(fā)的開漁盛況吸引了來自全國的各地數(shù)十萬遊客觀賞.

　　每年8月22日至24日間太陽到達黃經(jīng)150度時是當年的處暑節(jié)氣，所謂的處暑即為「出暑」，是出離高溫天氣的意思，是真正意義的秋天，處暑後中國的北方氣候大幅降低.處暑節(jié)氣不同於小暑、大暑、小寒、大寒這樣冷熱明顯的節(jié)氣，它是氣溫由炎熱向寒冷過渡的節(jié)氣.

　　explanatory note：（English lauguage of“Chushu solar term”translate Chinese laguage :“處暑節(jié)氣”） Every year from August 22 to 24， when the sun reaches 150 degrees longitude， it is the end of summer. The so-called end of heat is“out of heat“， which means getting out of hot weather. It is real autumn.after Chushu solar term， The climate in northern China has significantly decreased. The summer solar term is different from the solar terms with obvious hot and cold such as minor heat， major heat， minor cold， and major cold. It is a solar term in which the temperature transitions from hot to cold.

　　After the end of summer， the weather gradually becomes more and more cooler， which also plays an important role in agricultural production. Chinese folk have a saying of“one autumn rain and one coolness“，“three rains at the beginning of autumn， linen fans are put up high，“In the beginning of autumn， the weather is cool.“，“The heat does not come back during the extreme heat“ is a summary of the experience of climate change during the“extreme heat“ season. The main characteristics of the climate are that it is hot during the day at noon and afternoon， cool in the morning and evening， rainfall decreases， and the air appears dry. In such a climate， people do not need to add too much energy. Don’t cover yourself with too many clothes， but don’t wear too little to avoid catching a cold. It is very necessary to adjust your diet.

　　Compared with the beginning of autumn，The average temperature during Compared with the beginning of autumn，The average temperature during End of Heat is lower . In some years， the average temperature in some areas in western South China in late August is below 23 degrees Celsius， which is unfavorable to the heading and flowering of hybrid rice and damages agricultural production. However， due to the fact that South China still has The summer monsoon is controlled， so temperatures of 30°C are common in western South China， and even higher than 35°C in eastern South China. Especially in the low-altitude areas of the plains on both sides of the Yangtze River， people in certain years will also feel the power of the“Autumn Tiger“. The“End of Heat“ solar term in the northwest plateau means autumn is crisp and autumn is strong. For example， the altitude above 3500 meters often presents an early winter scene. The pastures are gradually withering on the vast and vast land， and the climate is also becoming increasingly cold. However， during this period in central South China， The amount of rainfall is often the second highest point of the year， and is more than during the Great Heat or White Dew. In order to ensure the water needs for farmland conditions in winter and spring， water storage during this period must be done carefully. The summer heat is approaching in plateau areas. The autumnal equinox will bring continuous cloudy and rainy weather， which is unfavorable to agricultural and animal husbandry production. This is also the busy season for harvesting mid-season rice in most parts of southern China. Generally， during the summer season， the sunshine in South China is still relatively sufficient. Except for the western part of South China， the rain There are not many days， which is conducive to the harvesting of mid-season rice and cotton cotton. However， in a few years， as Du Shi said，“the summer weather has passed， and the scorching sun has turned into rain.“ The autumn rain will come early. Therefore， we must pay special attention to the weather forecast and do It is best to be fully prepared， seize every sunny and good weather， and seize every opportunity to harvest and enjoy the sun. is lower . In some years， the average temperature in some areas in western South China in late August is below 23 degrees Celsius， which is unfavorable to the heading and flowering of hybrid rice and damages agricultural production. However， due to the fact that South China still has The summer monsoon is controlled， so temperatures of 30°C are common in western South China， and even higher than 35°C in eastern South China. Especially in the low-altitude areas of the plains on both sides of the Yangtze River， people in certain years will also feel the power of the“Autumn Tiger“. The“End of Heat“ solar term in the northwest plateau means autumn is crisp and autumn is strong. For example， the altitude above 3500 meters often presents an early winter scene. The pastures are gradually withering on the vast and vast land， and the climate is also becoming increasingly cold. However， during this period in central South China， The amount of rainfall is often the second highest point of the year， and is more than during the Great Heat or White Dew. In order to ensure the water needs for farmland conditions in winter and spring， water storage during this period must be done carefully. The summer heat is approaching in plateau areas. The autumnal equinox will bring continuous cloudy and rainy weather， which is unfavorable to agricultural and animal husbandry production. This is also the busy season for harvesting mid-season rice in most parts of southern China. Generally， during the summer season， the sunshine in South China is still relatively sufficient. Except for the western part of South China， the rain There are not many days， which is conducive to the harvesting of mid-season rice and cotton cotton. However， in a few years， as Du Shi said，“the summer weather has passed， and the scorching sun has turned into rain.“ The autumn rain will come early. Therefore， we must pay special attention to the weather forecast and do It is best to be fully prepared， seize every sunny and good weather， and seize every opportunity to harvest and enjoy the sun.

　　Summer customs.Worshiping ancestors and welcoming autumn. Folk customs before and after the solar term of the end of summer are mostly related to worshiping ancestors and welcoming autumn. Before and after the end of summer， there will be folk activities to celebrate the Zhongyuan Festival， commonly known as“July Half“ or“Hungry Ghost Festival“. In the old days， folk customs began on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. At the beginning of the first month of the month， there is a ceremony to open the gate of ghosts， and until the gate of ghosts is closed at the end of the month， there will be a Purdue charity activity. It is said that the Purdue activity starts with opening the gate of ghosts， then erected lanterns and river lanterns to attract lonely souls. And the main body is in Building the Pudu altar， erecting orphan sheds， interspersed with orphan snatching and other activities， and finally ending with closing the ghost gate. To this day， it has become a major activity period for ancestor worship.

　　In addition， after the summer heat is over， the autumn mood is getting stronger， which is a good time for people to go out in the countryside to welcome the autumn scenery.